The submission submitted on July 16, 2025, by the G77 + China group, of which Brazil is a member, to the UNFCCC proposes priority topics for the upcoming Global Dialogues related to the impacts of implementing response measures. The contribution is anchored in Decision 13/CP.28 , 4/CMP.18 , and 19/CMA.5 , focusing on the UNFCCC workstream focused on analyzing how mitigation policies and actions can generate adverse effects, especially for developing countries. The group reiterates the centrality of the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), and reinforces the urgency of dialogues that ensure that the global climate transition occurs fairly and with respect for the right to sustainable development.

The first proposal in the submission addresses the effects of unilateral climate trade measures and their compatibility with existing multilateral treaties. The group requests that the Global Dialogues include an in-depth discussion on the impacts of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) and other unilateral initiatives on developing countries, especially when these measures create trade barriers, discriminate against products from countries with less technical capacity, or disregard historical emissions responsibilities. The submission highlights the need to assess whether such measures were preceded by transparent impact analyses and whether they are aligned with obligations under the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. The G77 + China argues that these climate policy instruments should be assessed for their effectiveness, consistency with the Convention's principles, and potential side effects on trade and international climate justice. It also proposes an institutional dialogue between the UNFCCC and the WTO to enhance coherence and transparency in global governance.

Another central theme of the submission is the impact of the global race for critical minerals on developing countries. The group warns that the transition to low-carbon technologies, such as batteries, wind turbines, and solar panels, has placed significant pressure on territories rich in minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, often located in countries of the Global South. The extraction of these resources, according to the submission, has generated disproportionate environmental and social impacts, such as ecological degradation, community displacement, and the perpetuation of extractive models that maintain low levels of added value in the countries of origin. The G77 + China proposes that the Global Dialogues focus on alternatives to diversify value chains, foster local industrialization, and expand international cooperation in technology and financing, with a view to ensuring that the economic benefits of the energy transition are distributed more equitably.

The submission also emphasizes that developing countries face structural challenges in implementing fair and sustainable response measures. Therefore, it proposes that one of the central themes of the Global Dialogues be the development of national low-carbon development strategies that respect local specificities, protect jobs, ensure food and energy security, and guarantee that the implementation of climate policies does not exacerbate vulnerabilities. The group argues that this transition should be guided by the principles of the CBDR-RC and supported by international financing, capacity-building, and technology transfer mechanisms.

Furthermore, the G77 + China proposes that the Global Dialogues address the need to strengthen the technical and institutional capacities of developing countries to conduct robust and contextually appropriate impact assessments of response measures. The submission recommends developing regional methodological tools and strengthening cooperation with organizations such as UNCTAD, ILO, and UNDP, as well as creating a compendium of good practices and case studies. At the same time, it highlights the importance of promoting access to environmentally sound technologies that respect national priorities and generate concrete socioeconomic benefits, especially in territories most vulnerable to climate change.

Finally, the submission reinforces the need to incorporate response measures in a structured manner into national public policies. The group proposes that the Global Dialogues support developing countries in integrating these measures into their national adaptation plans, NDCs, and low-emission development strategies (LEDS), with support from developed countries through predictable financing, technology transfer, and institutional capacity-building.